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1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Radius valley？

Definition 28.14 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 28 章 — Exoplanets

The radius valley is the deficit of planets with radii between about 1.5 and 2.0 Earth radii among planets with periods shorter than about a hundred days; it separates the super-Earths from the sub-Neptunes.

(a) Transiting planets with radii known to better than 10\,\%, around stars smaller than two solar radii, with periods of 1 to 100 days (2370 planets, NASA Exoplanet Archive, 23 October 2026); shaded, the radius valley of 1.5 to 2.0 Earth radii. (b) The same planets counted in 20 bins of equal width in R. The counts are not corrected for the planets the surveys miss, which are more numerous among the small ones; the valley shows nonetheless. — (a) Transiting planets with radii known to better than $10\,\%$ , around stars smaller than two solar radii, with periods of 1 to 100 days (2370 planets, NASA Exoplanet Archive, 23 October 2026); shaded, the radius valley of 1.5 to 2.0 Earth radii. (b) The same planets counted in 20 bins of equal width in $\log R$ . The counts are not corrected for the planets the surveys miss, which are more numerous among the small ones; the valley shows nonetheless.

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