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Quantitative Finance · Glosario

¿Qué es Fresnel zone, earth bulge?

También llamado: Fresnel zone · earth bulge

Definition 14.2 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure · Capítulo 14 — Long-Haul Wireless

The first Fresnel zone of a radio path is the ellipsoid around the straight line between the antennas in which paths are at most half a wavelength longer than the direct one; obstacles inside it weaken the received signal, so a link is designed to keep it clear. The earth bulge is the height of the Earth’s surface above the straight line joining two points at ground level, at a given point between them; atmospheric refraction bends radio waves slightly downward, which is modelled by an earth of radius KK times the real one.

HopFrequencyEarth bulgeFresnel radiusTower height
(km)(GHz)at mid-hop (m)at mid-hop (m)(m)
30613.219.442.6
301113.214.337.5
50636.825.071.8
501136.818.565.3
70672.129.6111.7
701172.121.8104.0
Table 14.1. Hop geometry from Proposition 14.3 with K=4/3K = 4/3: the height two equal towers need so that a 10-metre obstacle at mid-hop stays clear of the whole first Fresnel zone. Beyond 70 kilometres the towers pass 100 metres. Data: nw_wireless.geometry_rows().
A microwave hop, schematically: the towers must lift the line of sight above the earth bulge at mid-hop, plus the obstacles, plus the first Fresnel zone around the line. Vertical scale exaggerated.
Figure 14.1. A microwave hop, schematically: the towers must lift the line of sight above the earth bulge at mid-hop, plus the obstacles, plus the first Fresnel zone around the line. Vertical scale exaggerated.
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