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Quantitative Finance · Begrippenlijst

Wat is Lognormal volatility?

Definition 4.2 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk · Hoofdstuk 4 — Vanilla Rates Options

The lognormal volatility σB\sigma_B of a rates option is the volatility at which Black’s formula, applied to the forward rate, reproduces its price; it is a relative volatility, a percentage of the rate, and exists only for positive forward and strike.

The lognormal (Black) implied volatility of five-year options on a forward of 2.50% priced with a single normal volatility of 80 basis points. A flat normal smile is a steep lognormal skew. Data: the chapter’s tutorial.
Figure 4.1. The lognormal (Black) implied volatility of five-year options on a forward of 2.50% priced with a single normal volatility of 80 basis points. A flat normal smile is a steep lognormal skew. Data: the chapter’s tutorial.

Voorbeelden

Example 4.8 (Five years into ten)

On chapter 2’s curves the ten-year swap starting in five years has a forward par rate of 3.098% against six-month Euribor and a (discount-curve) annuity of 7.740. At 80 basis points of normal volatility (a lognormal volatility of 26.2%), the at-the-money physical payer on EUR 100 million is worth EUR 5 525 150. The traditional cash formula, P(0,T) a(S0)×P(0,T)\,a(S_0)\times option, gives EUR 5 410 452, 2.1% less: P(0,T) a(S0)=7.579P(0,T)\,a(S_0) = 7.579, because the cash annuity discounts at the Euribor swap rate, above the €STR rates of the collateralised annuity. The par-yield payoff is also not a function of the annuity measure’s numeraire, so the formula is itself an approximation; the collateralised cash price removes both problems by settling at the physical value.

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