Quantile regression fits the conditional -quantile by minimising the average pinball loss (Koenker and Bassett, 1978); with several levels it describes the whole distribution. A mixture density network outputs the weights, means and standard deviations of a mixture of Gaussians and is trained by their negative log-likelihood (Bishop, 1994).
| before day 2 100 | after day 2 100 | |||
| model | CRPS (bp) | 90% coverage | CRPS (bp) | 90% coverage |
| boosted quantiles | 78.9 | 89.4% | 136.3 | 85.0% |
| Gaussian network (one seed) | 79.0 | 90.6% | 135.3 | 87.0% |
| ensemble of five | 79.1 | 91.1% | 135.4 | 87.6% |
| mixture density network | 78.8 | 89.7% | 136.1 | 86.1% |
| truth (Gaussian approximation) | 78.9 | 91.2% | 135.5 | 91.3% |
ml_uncert.scores.