O que é Stop-loss rule, de-risking ladder, time stop?

A stop-loss rule stops a strategy when its drawdown from its running peak exceeds a threshold. A de-risking ladder cuts a strategy’s size in steps as its drawdown deepens (halving at a first threshold, stopping at a second) instead of stopping it at once. A time stop stops a strategy that has made no new high for a given length of time, whatever the depth of its drawdown.