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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Atmospheric angular momentum; Held–Hou model？

又称： atmospheric angular momentum · Held--Hou model

Definition 20.12 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 20 章 — Atmospheric Dynamics

The atmospheric angular momentum per unit mass about the Earth’s axis is $M = (\Omega a\cos\varphi + u)\,a\cos\varphi$ , for an eastward wind $u$ at latitude $\varphi$ . The Held–Hou model of the Hadley cell is an axisymmetric, steady circulation of a dry Boussinesq atmosphere of depth $H$ , heated by relaxation towards a radiative-equilibrium potential temperature $\theta_E/\theta_0 = 1 + \Delta/3 - \Delta\sin^2\varphi$ ; its upper branch conserves $M$ , its lower branch has negligible wind, and the flow is in thermal-wind balance.

Left, the Held–Hou construction: the angular-momentum-conserving temperature of the cell (red) meets radiative equilibrium (blue) at _H = 35, with equal areas between the curves inside the cell. Right, the mean meridional mass streamfunction at 500\, hPa from the zonal-mean meridional wind (NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis 1, 1991–2020; positive where the air above 500\, hPa moves north): the strong winter-hemisphere cell straddles the equator, and the cells end near 30. — Left, the Held–Hou construction: the angular-momentum-conserving temperature of the cell (red) meets radiative equilibrium (blue) at $\varphi_H = 35{}^{\circ}$ , with equal areas between the curves inside the cell. Right, the mean meridional mass streamfunction at $500\,\mathrm{hPa}$ from the zonal-mean meridional wind (NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis 1, 1991–2020; positive where the air above $500\,\mathrm{hPa}$ moves north): the strong winter-hemisphere cell straddles the equator, and the cells end near $30{}^{\circ}$ .

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