什么是 Coriolis parameter？

The Coriolis parameter at latitude $\varphi$ is $f = 2\Omega\sin\varphi$, where $\Omega$ is the angular velocity of the Earth. It is positive in the Northern Hemisphere, negative in the Southern, zero at the equator, and largest at the poles, $2\Omega = 1.458 \times 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$.