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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core？

又称： crust · mantle · outer core · inner core

Definition 9.7 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 9 章 — The Layered Earth

The crust is the outer silicate layer above the Moho. The mantle is the solid silicate shell between the Moho and the core–mantle boundary, at a depth of about $2891\,\mathrm{km}$ . The outer core is the liquid metallic shell between the core–mantle boundary and the inner-core boundary, at about $5150\,\mathrm{km}$ depth. The inner core is the solid metallic sphere below it, of radius about $1220\,\mathrm{km}$ .

PREM: the speeds of P and S waves and the density against depth. The S speed falls to zero in the liquid outer core and reappears, small, in the solid inner core; at the core–mantle boundary the density almost doubles while v_P drops from 13.7 to 8.1\, km\, s-1; the jumps near 400\, km and 670\, km bound the transition zone. — PREM: the speeds of P and S waves and the density against depth. The S speed falls to zero in the liquid outer core and reappears, small, in the solid inner core; at the core–mantle boundary the density almost doubles while $v_P$ drops from 13.7 to $8.1\,\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ ; the jumps near $400\,\mathrm{km}$ and $670\,\mathrm{km}$ bound the transition zone.

boundary in PREM	depth (km)	radius (km)	what changes
Moho	24.4	6346.6	crust above, peridotite below; $v_P$ 6.8 to 8.1
220-km discontinuity	220	6151	base of the low-velocity zone in PREM
400-km discontinuity	400	5971	olivine to wadsleyite ( $410\,\mathrm{km}$ in most studies)
670-km discontinuity	670	5701	ringwoodite to bridgmanite and ferropericlase ( $660\,\mathrm{km}$ in most studies)
core–mantle boundary	2891	3480	silicate to liquid iron; $v_S$ 7.3 to 0; $\rho$ 5.57 to 9.90
inner-core boundary	5149.5	1221.5	liquid to solid iron; $v_S$ 0 to 3.5; $\rho$ 12.17 to 12.76

Table 9.1. The main discontinuities of PREM (speeds in

\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}

, densities in

\mathrm{g}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}

). PREM averages the crust to

24.4\,\mathrm{km}

; real crusts range from about

5\,\mathrm{km}

under the oceans to many tens of kilometres under mountain ranges.

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