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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Discharge？

Definition 8.2 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 8 章 — Drainage Basins, Rivers and Floods

The discharge of a river at a point is the volume of water that passes through a cross-section of the river in one second. It is measured in cubic metres per second, $\mathrm{m}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ .

示例

Example 8.5 (A gauging)

In the stream of the figure, the five strips, each $2\,\mathrm{m}$ wide, have areas $2 \times 0.4 = 0.8$ , $2.0$ , $2.8$ , $2.2$ and $1.0\,\mathrm{m}^{2}$ : the cross-section is $8.8\,\mathrm{m}^{2}$ . Their discharges are $0.3 \times 0.8 = 0.24$ , $0.6 \times 2.0 = 1.20$ , $0.8 \times 2.8 = 2.24$ , $0.7 \times 2.2 = 1.54$ and $0.4 \times 1.0 = 0.40\,\mathrm{m}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ , so the stream carries $Q \approx 5.6\,\mathrm{m}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ . The mean velocity is $5.62/8.8 \approx 0.64\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ , less than the $0.8\,\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$ of the middle of the stream.

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