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1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Equivalent water height？

Definition 3.11 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 3 章 — Gravity and the Figure of the Earth

A change of the gravity field that varies slowly over distances much larger than the thickness of the layer where the mass moved can be represented by a change of surface density $\sigma$ ( $\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ ) on a thin shell at the Earth’s surface. The equivalent water height is the thickness of fresh water with the same surface density:

h_w = \frac{\sigma}{\rho_w} .

Cumulative mass change of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets since 1992, with one-standard-deviation bands (IMBIE 2021 reconciled estimates from altimetry, gravimetry and the input–output method). By the end of 2020 Greenland had lost 4890 ± 460\, Gt and Antarctica 2670 ± 530\, Gt; straight-line fits give -176\, Gt\, yr-1 and -91\, Gt\, yr-1 over 1992–2020, and -246\, Gt\, yr-1 and -127\, Gt\, yr-1 over the GRACE years. — Cumulative mass change of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets since 1992, with one-standard-deviation bands (IMBIE 2021 reconciled estimates from altimetry, gravimetry and the input–output method). By the end of 2020 Greenland had lost $4890 \pm 460\,\mathrm{Gt}$ and Antarctica $2670 \pm 530\,\mathrm{Gt}$ ; straight-line fits give $-176\,\mathrm{Gt}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ and $-91\,\mathrm{Gt}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ over 1992–2020, and $-246\,\mathrm{Gt}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ and $-127\,\mathrm{Gt}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ over the GRACE years.

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