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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Fault-bend, fault-propagation and detachment folds？

又称： fault-bend fold · fault-propagation fold · detachment fold

Definition 10.2 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 10 章 — Thrust Belts and Orogenic Wedges

A fault-bend fold is a fold of the hanging wall of a thrust produced as it slides over a bend of the fault, a ramp between two flats. A fault-propagation fold grows above the tip of a thrust that is still propagating upward: the shortening that the fault no longer carries is taken up by folding in front of its tip, which gives a steep or overturned forelimb. A detachment fold grows above a flat with no ramp: the shortening is taken up by folding and by a weak layer, salt or shale, that flows into its core.

(a) A thrust with a lower flat, a ramp dipping 30 and an upper flat, before slip (schematic, vertical and horizontal scales equal). (b) The same after a slip of 2.5 times the ramp height, computed by fault-parallel flow: a syncline at the foot of the ramp, a back limb parallel to the ramp, a flat crest lifted by the ramp height r, a forelimb, and an excess area Sr above the regional level of every bed above the upper flat. — (a) A thrust with a lower flat, a ramp dipping $30{}^{\circ}$ and an upper flat, before slip (schematic, vertical and horizontal scales equal). (b) The same after a slip of 2.5 times the ramp height, computed by fault-parallel flow: a syncline at the foot of the ramp, a back limb parallel to the ramp, a flat crest lifted by the ramp height $r$ , a forelimb, and an excess area $Sr$ above the regional level of every bed above the upper flat.

A duplex (schematic): four horses (blue and green) cut off by ramps between a floor and a roof thrust, ahead of them the footwall not yet cut, the arrow giving the sense of transport; the cover above the roof is folded over the stack.

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