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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Karst, cave and sinkhole？

又称： karst · cave · sinkhole

Definition 31.5 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 31 章 — Landforms

A karst is a landscape shaped by water dissolving a soluble rock, most often limestone. Rivers there tend to vanish underground and come back out as springs. A cave is a natural underground space large enough for a person to enter, dissolved along the cracks of the rock. A sinkhole is a hollow or a hole in the ground surface, formed where the rock below dissolves away or where the roof of a cave collapses.

A karst landscape (a sketch, not to scale). Slightly acidic water seeps through the cracks of the limestone and widens them; underground streams hollow out caves; a cave roof gives way and opens a sinkhole; a stream vanishes into a hole and comes back out as a spring lower down.

Stalactites hanging under a large block of rock in Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico, a cave dissolved in limestone. Each one grew drop by drop from water seeping through the rock above. National Park Service, 2018 (public domain, via Wikimedia Commons).

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