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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Latent and sensible heat fluxes; Bowen ratio？

又称： latent heat flux · sensible heat flux · Bowen ratio

Definition 27.11 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 27 章 — Radiation and Heat Transport

The latent heat flux $LE$ is the power per square metre that the surface loses by evaporation: the evaporation rate $E$ , in $\mathrm{kg}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ , times the latent heat of vaporisation $L$ . The sensible heat flux $H$ is the power per square metre that the surface passes to the air by conduction and turbulence, warming it. Both are counted positive upwards. Their ratio $B = H/LE$ is the Bowen ratio.

Zonal and annual means of the latent heat flux LE (green), of the latent heat released by the precipitation, LP (blue), and of the sensible heat flux H (red, dashed), from the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1, means 1991–2020 (data provided by the NOAA PSL). Where LE > LP, in the subtropics, water vapour is exported; where LP > LE, under the rain belts, it is imported. — Zonal and annual means of the latent heat flux $LE$ (green), of the latent heat released by the precipitation, $LP$ (blue), and of the sensible heat flux $H$ (red, dashed), from the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1, means 1991–2020 (data provided by the NOAA PSL). Where $LE > LP$ , in the subtropics, water vapour is exported; where $LP > LE$ , under the rain belts, it is imported.

示例

Example 27.13 (The water cycle as an energy flux)

The global water cycle brings $373\,000$ cubic kilometres of rain and snow to the ocean every year and $113\,000$ to the land: spread over the Earth’s $5.10 \times 10^{8}\,\mathrm{km}^{2}$ , $0.953\,\mathrm{m}$ per year, which releases $74\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ by Proposition 27.12. The reanalysis rains $2.82\,\mathrm{mm}$ a day, $1.03\,\mathrm{m}$ a year, $80\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ . Both are close to the assessed latent heat flux of $82\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ , whose uncertainty range is $72\text{ to }85\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ : over the years, the water that evaporates comes down again, and the latent heat taken from the surface is all given to the air.

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