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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Marketsবাজার অনলাইন 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Creditবাজার অনলাইন 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Cryptoবাজার অনলাইন 4 Quantitative Methodsপদ্ধতি অনলাইন 5 Derivatives and Volatilityডেরিভেটিভস অনলাইন 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Riskসুদহার, ঋণ ও ঝুঁকি অনলাইন 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfoliosগবেষণা অনলাইন 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futuresকৌশল অনলাইন 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desksকৌশল অনলাইন 10 Microstructure and Executionএক্সিকিউশন অনলাইন 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Tradingমার্কেট মেকিং অনলাইন 12 Machine Learning for Marketsমেশিন লার্নিং অনলাইন 13 Low-Latency Softwareপ্রযুক্তি অনলাইন 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructureপ্রযুক্তি অনলাইন 15 Research, Data and Risk Platformsপ্রযুক্তি অনলাইন 16 The Desk and the Firmপ্রতিষ্ঠান অনলাইন 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careersক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speedক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Roundক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন 20 Interviews III: Codeক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন
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Earth and Space Sciences · পরিভাষা

Mantle end-member কী?

Definition 4.8 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · অধ্যায় 4 — Isotope Geochemistry

A mantle end-member is one of the extreme isotopic compositions from which the Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios of oceanic basalts can be built by mixing. Four are commonly named: DMM, the depleted MORB mantle (low 87Sr/86Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}/^{86}\mathrm{Sr}, high εNd\varepsilon_{\mathrm{Nd}}); HIMU, for a high μ=238U/204Pb\mu = {}^{238}\mathrm{U}/^{204}\mathrm{Pb} in its source (very radiogenic lead, 206Pb/204Pb^{206}\mathrm{Pb}/^{204}\mathrm{Pb} above 20, with low 87Sr/86Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}/^{86}\mathrm{Sr}); EM1, enriched mantle 1 (moderately high 87Sr/86Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}/^{86}\mathrm{Sr}, negative εNd\varepsilon_{\mathrm{Nd}}, unradiogenic lead); and EM2, enriched mantle 2 (high 87Sr/86Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}/^{86}\mathrm{Sr}).

Strontium and neodymium isotopes of 89 basalts from five ocean islands and of the mean mid-ocean ridge basalt. The HIMU-type islands plot below the main array, with the low strontium ratio of MORB but a lower _ Nd; the EM1-type islands lie on the enriched side of CHUR. Samoan lavas of the EM2 type reach 87 Sr/86 Sr = 0.7205, far off this scale to the right. Data: Stracke and others (2022), CC BY 4.0; Gale and others (2013); Edwards and others (2019).
Strontium and neodymium isotopes of 89 basalts from five ocean islands and of the mean mid-ocean ridge basalt. The HIMU-type islands plot below the main array, with the low strontium ratio of MORB but a lower εNd\varepsilon_{\mathrm{Nd}}; the EM1-type islands lie on the enriched side of CHUR. Samoan lavas of the EM2 type reach 87Sr/86Sr=0.7205^{87}\mathrm{Sr}/^{86}\mathrm{Sr} = 0.7205, far off this scale to the right. Data: Stracke and others (2022), CC BY 4.0; Gale and others (2013); Edwards and others (2019).
One widely used interpretation of the mantle reservoirs, not to scale: the ridges sample the depleted upper mantle; oceanic crust and sediment return to the mantle at subduction zones; plumes rising from the deep mantle bring up material in which old recycled components are mixed, and give the islands their HIMU, EM1 or EM2 character.
One widely used interpretation of the mantle reservoirs, not to scale: the ridges sample the depleted upper mantle; oceanic crust and sediment return to the mantle at subduction zones; plumes rising from the deep mantle bring up material in which old recycled components are mixed, and give the islands their HIMU, EM1 or EM2 character.
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