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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Oceanic island; stages of growth？

又称： oceanic island · shield stage

Definition 17.1 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 17 章 — Oceanic Islands

An oceanic island is a volcanic island that rises from the ocean floor, built on oceanic lithosphere. An island of a hotspot chain passes through four eruptive stages: a preshield stage of small eruptions of alkalic lava on the sea floor; the shield stage, in which tholeiitic lava builds the bulk of the volcano while it lies over the hotspot; a postshield stage of fewer, more alkalic eruptions, which cap the shield; and, after a pause, a rejuvenated stage of rare, small alkalic eruptions. Erosion and sinking then take over.

The life of an oceanic island, read along a hotspot chain (schematic, not to scale, vertical scale much exaggerated). The plate carries each volcano away from the hotspot (right) and the volcano sinks with it, while erosion wears it down. (a) A shield volcano grows over the hotspot. (b) Extinct and eroded, it is fringed by reefs. (c) Sunk further, it is surrounded by a barrier reef with a lagoon behind. (d) Its summit is gone below the sea, and a reef cap with a central lagoon, an atoll, grows on top of it. (e) Carried into water too cool for the reef to keep up, the atoll drowns and sinks as a flat-topped guyot.

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