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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Peridotite and its kinds？

又称： peridotite · dunite · lherzolite · harzburgite

Definition 7.1 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 7 章 — Melting the Mantle

A peridotite is a coarse-grained ultramafic rock containing more than $40\,\%$ olivine, the rest being pyroxenes and a little of an aluminous mineral (spinel or garnet). A dunite contains more than $90\,\%$ olivine. Below that, a lherzolite contains both orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene; a harzburgite contains orthopyroxene but almost no clinopyroxene; a wehrlite contains clinopyroxene but almost no orthopyroxene. Rocks with less than $40\,\%$ olivine are pyroxenites.

Classification of the peridotites and pyroxenites by their proportions of olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene (after the British Geological Survey’s scheme). The narrow strips along the two upper sides hold the rocks with almost no clinopyroxene (harzburgite) or no orthopyroxene (wehrlite). The red dot is the model upper mantle beneath the ridges (57, 28 and 13\,\%, renormalised without its 2\,\% of spinel). — Classification of the peridotites and pyroxenites by their proportions of olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene (after the British Geological Survey’s scheme). The narrow strips along the two upper sides hold the rocks with almost no clinopyroxene (harzburgite) or no orthopyroxene (wehrlite). The red dot is the model upper mantle beneath the ridges (57, 28 and $13\,\%$ , renormalised without its $2\,\%$ of spinel).

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