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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Planck response; water-vapour, lapse-rate and cloud feedbacks？

又称： Planck response · water-vapour feedback · lapse-rate feedback · cloud feedback

Definition 27.6 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 27 章 — Anthropogenic Climate Change

The feedback parameter is split into the contributions of the quantities that change with the surface temperature. The Planck response is the extra infrared emitted to space when the surface and the whole troposphere warm by the same amount. The water-vapour feedback is the change in flux due to the increase of atmospheric water vapour with temperature. The lapse-rate feedback is the change in flux due to a warming that is not uniform with height. The cloud feedback is the change in flux due to the change in the amount, height and brightness of clouds.

The climate feedbacks assessed by the IPCC (Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group I, Table 7.10), central values and very likely ranges. Positive feedbacks amplify a warming (red), negative ones damp it (blue); the net is the sum.

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