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Earth and Space Sciences · Glossary

What is Ramp, flat, duplex, out-of-sequence thrust?

Also known as: flat (thrust) · ramp (thrust) · duplex (thrust) · out-of-sequence thrust

Definition 10.1 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · Chapter 10 — Thrust Belts and Orogenic Wedges

A flat (thrust) is a segment of a thrust that runs parallel to the bedding, usually in a weak layer; a ramp (thrust) is a segment that cuts across the bedding, typically at 20 to 30∘30{}^{\circ}, joining a lower flat to an upper one. A duplex (thrust) is a stack of fault-bounded slices, the horses, enclosed between a floor thrust below and a roof thrust above, each horse cut off by a ramp that joins the two. Thrusts usually form in sequence, each new one in the footwall of the previous one, closer to the foreland; an out-of-sequence thrust is one that forms or slips again behind the active front, cutting older thrusts.

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