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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Rock-forming silicates？

Definition 16.8 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 16 章 — Minerals

The rock-forming silicates are the six groups of silicate minerals that make up most common igneous and metamorphic rocks: olivine, the pyroxenes, the amphiboles, the micas, the feldspars and quartz. The feldspars are of two kinds: potassium feldspar, such as orthoclase, and plagioclase, a series of feldspars containing sodium and calcium.

group (example)	structure	formula	density
			( $\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{cm}^{3}$ )
olivine	isolated tetrahedra	$\ce{(Mg,Fe)2SiO4}$	3.32
pyroxene (augite)	single chains	$\ce{(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6}$	3.4
amphibole (hornblende)	double chains	$\ce{Ca2[Mg4(Al,Fe)]Si7AlO22(OH)2}$	3.23
mica (biotite)	sheets	$\ce{K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2}$	3.09
mica (muscovite)	sheets	$\ce{KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2}$	2.82
potassium feldspar (orthoclase)	framework	$\ce{KAlSi3O8}$	2.56
plagioclase (oligoclase)	framework	$\ce{(Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8}$	2.65
quartz	framework	$\ce{SiO2}$	2.62

The rock-forming silicates. Formulas and mean densities from webmineral.com; a comma between two elements in brackets means that either can take that place in the crystal.

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