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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Runaway greenhouse; runaway greenhouse limit; moist greenhouse？

又称： runaway greenhouse limit · runaway greenhouse · moist greenhouse

Definition 27.10 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 27 章 — Planetary Atmospheres and Habitability

The runaway greenhouse limit is the largest flux of infrared radiation that a planet with an ocean can send to space. A runaway greenhouse is the state of a planet that absorbs more sunlight than that limit: it cannot balance its budget until the whole ocean has evaporated and the surface has heated far beyond it. A moist greenhouse is the state of a planet, short of the runaway, whose surface is warm enough for its stratosphere to hold a large mixing ratio of water vapour, which ultraviolet light splits and whose hydrogen escapes.

Outgoing infrared radiation of an Earth-like ocean planet against its surface temperature, in an illustrative grey model (a saturated moist adiabat over 1 bar of nitrogen, a stratosphere at 200\, K, water vapour the only absorber; its absorption coefficient, broadened by pressure, is chosen to land on the line-by-line limit). Horizontal lines: sunlight absorbed by Venus today and by a young Venus with an albedo of 0.193, the albedo of a hot cloud-free steam atmosphere, and by the Earth today with its albedo of 0.3. Where the absorbed flux lies above the plateau, no surface temperature balances it: the greenhouse runs away. — Outgoing infrared radiation of an Earth-like ocean planet against its surface temperature, in an illustrative grey model (a saturated moist adiabat over 1 bar of nitrogen, a stratosphere at $200\,\mathrm{K}$ , water vapour the only absorber; its absorption coefficient, broadened by pressure, is chosen to land on the line-by-line limit). Horizontal lines: sunlight absorbed by Venus today and by a young Venus with an albedo of 0.193, the albedo of a hot cloud-free steam atmosphere, and by the Earth today with its albedo of 0.3. Where the absorbed flux lies above the plateau, no surface temperature balances it: the greenhouse runs away.

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