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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Marketsবাজার অনলাইন 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Creditবাজার অনলাইন 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Cryptoবাজার অনলাইন 4 Quantitative Methodsপদ্ধতি অনলাইন 5 Derivatives and Volatilityডেরিভেটিভস অনলাইন 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Riskসুদহার, ঋণ ও ঝুঁকি অনলাইন 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfoliosগবেষণা অনলাইন 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futuresকৌশল অনলাইন 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desksকৌশল অনলাইন 10 Microstructure and Executionএক্সিকিউশন অনলাইন 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Tradingমার্কেট মেকিং অনলাইন 12 Machine Learning for Marketsমেশিন লার্নিং অনলাইন 13 Low-Latency Softwareপ্রযুক্তি অনলাইন 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructureপ্রযুক্তি অনলাইন 15 Research, Data and Risk Platformsপ্রযুক্তি অনলাইন 16 The Desk and the Firmপ্রতিষ্ঠান অনলাইন 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careersক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speedক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Roundক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন 20 Interviews III: Codeক্যারিয়ার অনলাইন
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Earth and Space Sciences · পরিভাষা

Section restoration, pin line, kink-band method কী?

অন্য নাম: section restoration · pin line · kink-band method

Definition 8.11 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · অধ্যায় 8 — Structural Analysis

Section restoration undoes, on a cross-section drawn parallel to the direction of tectonic transport, the deformation it shows, event by event in the reverse order, keeping the lengths of the beds and the areas of the units in the plane of the section. A pin line is a line across the beds, placed where they did not slip along each other (in the undeformed foreland, or on the axial surface of a symmetric fold), which is taken to be perpendicular to the beds in the restored section; lengths are measured from it. In the kink-band method the folds are drawn as straight limbs of constant bed thickness joined at sharp hinges, whose axial surfaces bisect the angle between the limbs; each bed is then a broken line, whose length is the sum of its straight segments.

Restoring a kink-band fold, drawn to balance with limbs at 50. (a) Two competent layers folded into straight limbs of constant thickness over a weak layer that thickens into the core, between two pin lines on the axial surfaces of the synclines, which stayed at the original level. (b) The restored section: each bed laid straight with its length measured along the limbs, L_0, longer than the deformed section by the shortening S. The hatched area A, by which the top layer stands above its original level, equals S times its height h above the detachment; the weak layer has the same area in both panels.
Restoring a kink-band fold, drawn to balance with limbs at 50∘50{}^{\circ}. (a) Two competent layers folded into straight limbs of constant thickness over a weak layer that thickens into the core, between two pin lines on the axial surfaces of the synclines, which stayed at the original level. (b) The restored section: each bed laid straight with its length measured along the limbs, L0L_0, longer than the deformed section by the shortening SS. The hatched area AA, by which the top layer stands above its original level, equals SS times its height hh above the detachment; the weak layer has the same area in both panels.
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