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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Seismic migration？

Definition 2.17 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 2 章 — Exploration Seismology

Seismic migration is the processing step that moves the reflections of a seismic section to the positions of the reflectors that produced them: it restores the true dips and positions of dipping reflectors and collapses the diffraction hyperbolae of point scatterers onto their apices. Done with a velocity model in time, it gives a time-migrated section; with a model in depth, a depth image.

Migration of a dipping reflector (schematic, true dip 35). The zero-offset ray at each recording point is normal to the reflector, so its echo comes from up-dip; plotted vertically below the point, at the depth vt/2, the reflection appears gentler (dashed: _a =, here 29.8), and displaced down-dip. Migration (red arrow) moves it back.
Migration of a dipping reflector (schematic, true dip 35∘35{}^{\circ}). The zero-offset ray at each recording point is normal to the reflector, so its echo comes from up-dip; plotted vertically below the point, at the depth vt/2vt/2, the reflection appears gentler (dashed: tan⁡θa=sin⁡θ\tan\theta_a = \sin\theta, here 29.8∘29.8{}^{\circ}), and displaced down-dip. Migration (red arrow) moves it back.
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