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Earth and Space Sciences · Glossary

What is Simple-shear rift model?

Definition 9.1 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · Chapter 9 — Extensional and Strike-Slip Tectonics

In the simple-shear rift model the lithosphere is pulled apart along a low-angle shear zone that cuts through it from the surface to its base. The plate above the shear zone, the upper plate, loses its lower part; the plate below, the lower plate, is pulled out from under it. The thinning of the crust and the thinning of the mantle are offset sideways, and the two conjugate margins that form when the continent breaks are asymmetric.

Two end-member models of a rift (not to scale). (a) Pure shear: crust and mantle lithosphere thin together beneath the rift, with normal faults on both sides. (b) Simple shear: a low-angle shear zone crosses the lithosphere; the crust thins near its surface trace, the mantle beneath the far side, under the upper plate, so that the rift is asymmetric and its flank above the thinned mantle is uplifted.
Two end-member models of a rift (not to scale). (a) Pure shear: crust and mantle lithosphere thin together beneath the rift, with normal faults on both sides. (b) Simple shear: a low-angle shear zone crosses the lithosphere; the crust thins near its surface trace, the mantle beneath the far side, under the upper plate, so that the rift is asymmetric and its flank above the thinned mantle is uplifted.
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