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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 The layers of the atmosphere？

又称： troposphere · tropopause · stratosphere · mesosphere · thermosphere

Definition 23.1 Primary & Middle School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 23 章 — The Atmosphere

From the ground up, the atmosphere is divided into four layers by the way its temperature changes with height:

the troposphere, where the temperature falls with height and where almost all the weather happens; its top is the tropopause;
the stratosphere, where the temperature rises with height, up to about $50\,\mathrm{km}$ ;
the mesosphere, where the temperature falls again, up to about $85\,\mathrm{km}$ ;
the thermosphere, where the very thin air gets hotter and hotter with height.

示例

Example 23.4 (An airliner at cruising height)

An airliner cruises at $11\,\mathrm{km}$ , near the tropopause. On the profile, the temperature there is about $-56{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ . With the lapse rate: from $15{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ at sea level, the air cools by $6.5 \times 11 = 71.5$ degrees, which gives $15 - 71.5 = -56.5{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ . On the pressure curve, the pressure is about $227\,\mathrm{hPa}$ , less than a quarter of the pressure on the ground: the cabin has to be pressurised.

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