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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Travel time; travel-time curve？

又称： travel time · travel-time curve

Definition 11.2 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 11 章 — Seismic Waves Reveal the Interior

The travel time of a seismic wave at a station is the time it takes to go from the focus to the station. The travel-time curve of a wave is the graph of its travel time against the epicentral distance of the station.

Travel-time curves of P waves (blue) and S waves (orange) from an earthquake at the surface, computed with the reference Earth model; the dashed and dotted curves are P waves that have crossed the core (dotted: the inner core). Black points: observed travel times. Between about 99 and 144 no P wave arrives directly (shaded). — Travel-time curves of P waves (blue) and S waves (orange) from an earthquake at the surface, computed with the reference Earth model; the dashed and dotted curves are P waves that have crossed the core (dotted: the inner core). Black points: observed travel times. Between about $99{}^{\circ}$ and $144{}^{\circ}$ no P wave arrives directly (shaded).

示例

Example 11.4 (An earthquake $60{}^{\circ}$ away)

Observed travel times are $608\,\mathrm{s}$ for P and $1101\,\mathrm{s}$ for S at $60{}^{\circ}$ , $536\,\mathrm{s}$ and $967\,\mathrm{s}$ at $50{}^{\circ}$ . A station that records an S wave $493\,\mathrm{s}$ (8 minutes 13 seconds) after the P wave therefore lies $60{}^{\circ}$ from the epicentre: about $60 \times 111.2 \approx 6670\,\mathrm{km}$ . At $50{}^{\circ}$ the delay would only be $431\,\mathrm{s}$ .

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