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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Physics · 术语表

什么是 Energy levels？

又称： quantization · energy level · ground state · excited state · ionization

Definition 34.7 High School Physics · 第 34 章 — The Quantum World: Photons and Energy Levels

The energy of an electron bound in an atom is quantized: restricted to a discrete ladder of energy levels $E_1 < E_2 < \dots < 0$ , counted negative from the free electron. The lowest rung is the ground state, the others excited states; reaching $0$ is ionization.

The hydrogen ladder, to scale: the visible lines all end on n = 2; the drop to the ground state is deep ultraviolet. — The hydrogen ladder, to scale: the visible lines all end on $n = 2$ ; the drop to the ground state is deep ultraviolet.

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