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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Marketsالأسواق عبر الإنترنت 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Creditالأسواق عبر الإنترنت 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Cryptoالأسواق عبر الإنترنت 4 Quantitative Methodsالأساليب عبر الإنترنت 5 Derivatives and Volatilityالمشتقات عبر الإنترنت 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Riskالفائدة والائتمان والمخاطر عبر الإنترنت 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfoliosالبحث عبر الإنترنت 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futuresالاستراتيجيات عبر الإنترنت 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desksالاستراتيجيات عبر الإنترنت 10 Microstructure and Executionالتنفيذ عبر الإنترنت 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Tradingصناعة السوق عبر الإنترنت 12 Machine Learning for Marketsتعلم الآلة عبر الإنترنت 13 Low-Latency Softwareالتكنولوجيا عبر الإنترنت 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructureالتكنولوجيا عبر الإنترنت 15 Research, Data and Risk Platformsالتكنولوجيا عبر الإنترنت 16 The Desk and the Firmالشركة عبر الإنترنت 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careersالمسارات المهنية عبر الإنترنت 18 The Interview Bookالمسارات المهنية عبر الإنترنت
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Quantitative Finance · المسرد

ما معنى Forward measure؟

Definition 5.7 Quantitative Methods · الفصل 5 — Girsanov and Changes of Numeraire

The forward measure QT\mathbb Q^T for maturity TT is the equivalent martingale measure for the numeraire P(t,T)P(t, T), the zero-coupon bond maturing at TT.

Expected short rate under the risk-neutral measure minus the instantaneous forward rate, which is the expected short rate under the forward measure of the same maturity, for the chapter’s Ornstein–Uhlenbeck short rate. The gap, 2B(t)2/2, is the price of the bond’s convexity. Data: closed forms, the chapter’s tutorial.
Figure 5.3. Expected short rate under the risk-neutral measure minus the instantaneous forward rate, which is the expected short rate under the forward measure of the same maturity, for the chapter’s Ornstein–Uhlenbeck short rate. The gap, σ2B(t)2/2\sigma^2B(t)^2/2, is the price of the bond’s convexity. Data: closed forms, the chapter’s tutorial.
The caplet by Monte Carlo under the risk-neutral measure (weekly steps, money-market discounting) and under the fixing-date forward measure, with ± 2 standard errors, against the closed form 3.26 bp. At equal numbers of paths the errors are the same; the forward-measure path costs one normal instead of 260. Data: the chapter’s tutorial, seeded.
Figure 5.4. The caplet by Monte Carlo under the risk-neutral measure (weekly steps, money-market discounting) and under the fixing-date forward measure, with ±2\pm 2 standard errors, against the closed form 3.26 bp. At equal numbers of paths the errors are the same; the forward-measure path costs one normal instead of 260. Data: the chapter’s tutorial, seeded.
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