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Chemistry · Glossary

What is Levelling effect?

Definition 10.6 University Chemistry — Year 1 · Chapter 10 — Acid–Base Equilibria and the Predominant-Reaction Method

In water, every acid stronger than HX3OX+\ce{H3O+} reacts totally to give HX3OX+\ce{H3O+}, and every base stronger than OHX−\ce{OH-} totally to give OHX−\ce{OH-}: their strengths cannot be distinguished. This is the levelling effect of the solvent. Weak acids and bases in water have 0<pKa<140 < \mathrm{p}K_a < 14, the couples of water itself (pKa(HX3OX+/HX2O)=0\mathrm{p}K_a(\ce{H3O+}/\ce{H2O}) = 0 and pKa(HX2O/OHX−)=14\mathrm{p}K_a(\ce{H2O}/\ce{OH-}) = 14) bounding the scale.

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