A -donor ligand has filled orbitals of symmetry with respect to the metal–ligand bond (lone pairs of , ); a -acceptor ligand has empty ones of low energy (the orbitals of and ). The transfer of electron density from filled metal d orbitals into the empty orbitals of a -acceptor ligand is called back-donation.
Chemistry · Glossary
What is π-donor and π-acceptor ligands?
Also known as: pi-donor ligand · pi-acceptor ligand · back-donation