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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Albedo？

Definition 3.7 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 3 章 — The Earth’s Energy Budget

The albedo of a surface is the fraction of the sunlight falling on it that it reflects, a number between 0 (all the light absorbed) and 1 (all of it reflected). The Bond albedo of Chapter 2 is the albedo of a planet taken as a whole.

Typical albedos of surfaces and of the Earth as a whole; the pale part of a bar is the usual range. Data: University of Colorado Boulder, MOSAiC expedition; National Snow and Ice Data Center.

A winter morning after a few sunny days: the snow still lies on the meadow, but it has melted on the dark ploughed field, which absorbs much more of the sunlight.

示例

Example 3.8 (The sunlight the Earth absorbs)

With a Bond albedo of 0.294, each square metre absorbs on average $340 \times (1 - 0.294) \approx 240\,\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{m}^{2}$ . Over the whole sphere, of area $4\pi R^2 = 4\pi \times (6.371 \times 10^{6}\,\mathrm{m})^2 \approx 5.10 \times 10^{14}\,\mathrm{m}^{2}$ , the Earth absorbs $240 \times 5.10\times10^{14} \approx 1.22 \times 10^{17}\,\mathrm{W}$ of sunlight: this power drives the winds, the ocean currents and the water cycle.

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