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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Bowen’s reaction series？

Definition 8.1 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 8 章 — Magmatic Differentiation

Bowen’s reaction series is the order in which the common silicates crystallise from a cooling basaltic magma, as two branches that meet at the end. In the discontinuous branch each mafic mineral reacts with the liquid to form a new mineral of another structure: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite. In the continuous branch plagioclase crystallises all along, its composition changing continuously from calcium-rich to sodium-rich. The last liquid crystallises potassium feldspar, muscovite and quartz.

Bowen’s reaction series. Olivine and calcium-rich plagioclase crystallise first from a basaltic magma; on the left each mafic mineral reacts with the liquid to give the next, on the right the plagioclase grows ever richer in sodium; the last, silica-rich liquid gives potassium feldspar, muscovite and quartz. Temperatures are typical values for basaltic magma at low pressure.

The plagioclase feldspars at atmospheric pressure, from the quenching experiments of Bowen (1913): beginning (circles) and completion (dots) of melting, with curves drawn through the measurements. In red, the equilibrium crystallisation of a liquid of 50\,\% anorthite: the first crystal, at 1450\, C, has 81\,\% anorthite; at 1394\, C crystals of 71\,\% coexist with a liquid of 33\,\%; the last liquid, at 1287\, C, has 14\,\% (). — The plagioclase feldspars at atmospheric pressure, from the quenching experiments of Bowen (1913): beginning (circles) and completion (dots) of melting, with curves drawn through the measurements. In red, the equilibrium crystallisation of a liquid of $50\,\%$ anorthite: the first crystal, at $1450\,{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ , has $81\,\%$ anorthite; at $1394\,{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ crystals of $71\,\%$ coexist with a liquid of $33\,\%$ ; the last liquid, at $1287\,{}^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ , has $14\,\%$ (Exercise 8.1).

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