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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Chondrite, carbonaceous chondrite, chondrule, CAI?

又称: chondrite · chondrule · calcium--aluminium-rich inclusion · carbonaceous chondrite

Definition 2.9 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 2 章 — Planet Formation and Meteorites

A chondrite is a stony meteorite that never melted after it was assembled, and whose composition, apart from the most volatile elements, is close to that of the Sun. Most of it is made of chondrules, rounded droplets, a tenth of a millimetre to about a centimetre across, of silicate rock that solidified from a melt, set in a fine-grained matrix with grains of iron–nickel metal and iron sulfide. Some chondrites hold calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs), irregular white grains of the minerals of calcium, aluminium and titanium that are the first condensates of the nebula. A carbonaceous chondrite is a chondrite rich in carbon, water-bearing minerals and matrix, whose content of the volatile elements comes closest to the Sun’s.

A cut face of the Allende carbonaceous chondrite (class CV3), which fell in northern Mexico in 1969: about two tonnes were collected. The rounded grey grains are chondrules; the irregular white patches are CAIs; the dark cement is the matrix. The field is a few centimetres wide. James St. John, CC BY 2.0.
A cut face of the Allende carbonaceous chondrite (class CV3), which fell in northern Mexico in 1969: about two tonnes were collected. The rounded grey grains are chondrules; the irregular white patches are CAIs; the dark cement is the matrix. The field is a few centimetres wide. James St. John, CC BY 2.0.
HLLLCICMCV
chondrules (vol. %)60–8060–8060–80≪1\ll 12045
mean chondrule diameter (mm)0.30.70.9—0.31.0
CAIs (vol. %)0.1–10.1–10.1–1≪1\ll 1510
matrix (vol. %)10–1510–1510–15>99> 997040
iron–nickel metal (vol. %)105200.10–5
fayalite in olivine (mol %)16–2023–2627–32
petrologic types3–63–63–6123
highest temperature (K)122012201220430670870
Table 2.2. Properties of the ordinary (H, L, LL) and of three carbonaceous chondrite groups. Fayalite: the iron end-member of olivine. Data: Gail and others (2014).
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