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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Cumulate; layered intrusion？

又称： cumulate · layered intrusion

Definition 8.10 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 8 章 — Magmatic Differentiation

A cumulate is an igneous rock formed by the accumulation of crystals (the cumulus crystals) from a magma, together with the minerals later grown from the liquid trapped between them (the intercumulus material); its composition is that of crystals plus a little liquid, not that of any magma. A layered intrusion is a large, slowly cooled body of mafic or ultramafic cumulates arranged in layers, recording the fractional crystallisation of the magma that filled it.

A layered intrusion of the Skaergaard type (schematic, not to scale). Cumulates grew inwards from all sides of the chamber at the same time: the Layered Series on the floor (orange, with layering), the Marginal Border Series on the walls and the Upper Border Series under the roof (blue), each with the same succession of zones. They met at the Sandwich Horizon, where the last liquid crystallised.

Nickel and zirconium in 134 cumulates of the reference section of the Skaergaard Layered Series against the fraction of melt remaining (data of Tegner and others, 2023, CC BY 4.0). Nickel, compatible, falls by a factor of thirty; zirconium, incompatible, stays low until the very last cumulates. The line is the least-squares fit of Ni on F over the Lower and Middle Zones. — Nickel and zirconium in 134 cumulates of the reference section of the Skaergaard Layered Series against the fraction of melt remaining (data of Tegner and others, 2023, CC BY 4.0). Nickel, compatible, falls by a factor of thirty; zirconium, incompatible, stays low until the very last cumulates. The line is the least-squares fit of $\ln \mathrm{Ni}$ on $\ln F$ over the Lower and Middle Zones.

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