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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Eruption column？

Definition 6.5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 6 章 — Volcanic Eruptions

An eruption column is the ascending mass of gas and fragments above an explosive vent. It has three parts: a jet, or gas-thrust region, in which the mixture leaves the vent fast but denser than the air and rises on its momentum; a convective region, in which the mixture, having engulfed and heated enough air to become lighter than its surroundings, rises by buoyancy; and an umbrella cloud, which spreads sideways at the level where the column’s density equals that of the atmosphere.

Anatomy of an eruption column (schematic, not to scale). On the right the column rises through its three regions and the umbrella cloud drops tephra as it spreads; on the left, part of the jet has failed to become buoyant and collapses into a pyroclastic density current.
Anatomy of an eruption column (schematic, not to scale). On the right the column rises through its three regions and the umbrella cloud drops tephra as it spreads; on the left, part of the jet has failed to become buoyant and collapses into a pyroclastic density current.
Top height of eruption columns above the vent against the mass eruption rate: the empirical fit of Mastin and others (2009), the fit of Aubry and others (2023) to an independent data set, and the example eruptions of the first compilation (the co-ignimbrite cloud of Mount St. Helens rose from pyroclastic flows, not from the vent).
Top height of eruption columns above the vent against the mass eruption rate: the empirical fit of Mastin and others (2009), the fit of Aubry and others (2023) to an independent data set, and the example eruptions of the first compilation (the co-ignimbrite cloud of Mount St. Helens rose from pyroclastic flows, not from the vent).
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