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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Flank collapse; debris avalanche; slump？

又称： flank collapse · debris avalanche

Definition 17.2 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · 第 17 章 — Oceanic Islands

A flank collapse is the failure of a large part of the flank of a volcano, which slides away under its own weight. When the moving mass breaks up and runs out fast, as a flow of blocks and rubble that can travel far beyond the foot of the volcano, it is a debris avalanche. When it moves slowly, as large blocks rotating on faults rooted in a deep décollement and staying near the volcano, it is a slump.

$Flank collapse of an oceanic island (schematic, not to scale). Near the volcano, a slump moves slowly as rotating blocks on faults that root in a décollement at the top of the old oceanic crust. A debris avalanche breaks off the flank, leaving a scar, and runs out as a sheet of rubble carrying blocks several kilometres across. The Nuuanu avalanche crossed the moat and climbed onto the arch, more than 200\, km from Oahu.$

Flank collapse of an oceanic island (schematic, not to scale). Near the volcano, a slump moves slowly as rotating blocks on faults that root in a décollement at the top of the old oceanic crust. A debris avalanche breaks off the flank, leaving a scar, and runs out as a sheet of rubble carrying blocks several kilometres across. The Nuuanu avalanche crossed the moat and climbed onto the arch, more than

200\,\mathrm{km}

from Oahu.

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