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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Foliation, schistosity, slaty cleavage, axial-planar cleavage？

又称： foliation · schistosity · cleavage (of a rock) · slaty cleavage · axial-planar cleavage

Definition 17.12 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 17 章 — Faults, Folds and Fabrics

A foliation is a planar fabric that pervades a rock: a set of closely spaced parallel surfaces, made by aligned platy or flattened grains or by thin layers, along which the rock splits most easily. Schistosity is the foliation of a schist, made by aligned grains coarser than about $1\,\mathrm{mm}$ . A cleavage is a foliation of a fine-grained rock made by its deformation; slaty cleavage is the cleavage of a slate, made by sheet silicates too small to be seen with the naked eye, and so closely set that the rock can be split almost anywhere into thin sheets. An axial-planar cleavage is a cleavage parallel, or nearly parallel, to the axial planes of the folds in the same rocks.

A small anticline in alternating sandstone and shale of Carboniferous age, near Potes, Cantabria. The brown sandstone beds arch over the hinge in the lower middle of the picture; in the dark shale above them the cleavage, a set of steep, closely spaced fractures crossing the beds, is axial-planar: nearly parallel to the axial plane of the fold, it fans across it, the fan changing from layer to layer. The handle of the walking stick is about 4\, cm across. Photograph: Mikenorton, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons). — A small anticline in alternating sandstone and shale of Carboniferous age, near Potes, Cantabria. The brown sandstone beds arch over the hinge in the lower middle of the picture; in the dark shale above them the cleavage, a set of steep, closely spaced fractures crossing the beds, is axial-planar: nearly parallel to the axial plane of the fold, it fans across it, the fan changing from layer to layer. The handle of the walking stick is about $4\,\mathrm{cm}$ across. Photograph: Mikenorton, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons).

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