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Earth and Space Sciences · Glossary

What is Foreland basin; flysch; molasse?

Also known as: foreland basin · flysch · molasse

Definition 13.9 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 2 · Chapter 13 — Anatomy of a Mountain Belt: The Alps

A foreland basin is an elongate sedimentary basin that forms between an orogen and the stable continent in front of it, where the plate is bent down by the load of the thrust wedge; it is deepest next to the thrust front and is itself progressively overthrust. Flysch is the deep-water fill of such a basin, chiefly turbidites of sandstone and shale deposited while the basin is underfilled. Molasse is its later shallow-marine and continental fill, chiefly conglomerates and sandstones from the eroding belt, deposited once the supply fills the basin.

A foreland basin in two stages (schematic). (a) Early on, the bent plate subsides faster than sediment arrives: deep water against the thrust wedge, where turbidites (flysch) accumulate. (b) Later the eroding belt supplies more than the basin can hold: rivers fill it with gravels and sands (molasse), and the wedge thrusts over its own debris.
A foreland basin in two stages (schematic). (a) Early on, the bent plate subsides faster than sediment arrives: deep water against the thrust wedge, where turbidites (flysch) accumulate. (b) Later the eroding belt supplies more than the basin can hold: rivers fill it with gravels and sands (molasse), and the wedge thrusts over its own debris.
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