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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Hotspot track; age progression？

又称： hotspot track · age progression

Definition 15.3 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 15 章 — Hotspots and Intraplate Volcanism

A hotspot track is the line of volcanoes, seamounts and volcanic ridges that a plate carries away from a hotspot as it moves over it. Its age progression is the regular increase of the ages of its volcanoes with the distance from the active one. The direction of a track at the hotspot is the azimuth, measured from north, towards which its young part runs away from the hotspot.

The speeds of the Pacific plate over thirteen of its hotspots, with their uncertainties, against the distance of each hotspot from the axis of rotation through the fitted pole. A rigid plate turning about that pole puts them on a line through the origin; the least-squares line gives = 0.92 / Myr. Most hotspots lie 6000 to 6400\, km from the axis, where the speed is nearly the same; the scatter there, larger than the error bars, shows the limits of a fixed frame. Data: W. J. and J. P. Morgan (2007), Table 1 of their electronic supplement. — The speeds of the Pacific plate over thirteen of its hotspots, with their uncertainties, against the distance of each hotspot from the axis of rotation through the fitted pole. A rigid plate turning about that pole puts them on a line through the origin; the least-squares line gives $\omega = 0.92{}^{\circ}/\mathrm{Myr}$ . Most hotspots lie 6000 to $6400\,\mathrm{km}$ from the axis, where the speed is nearly the same; the scatter there, larger than the error bars, shows the limits of a fixed frame. Data: W. J. and J. P. Morgan (2007), Table 1 of their electronic supplement.

The 68 hotspots of W. J. and J. P. Morgan (2007). Arrows: the motion of the plate over each hotspot where it was measured, along the direction of the track and with a length proportional to the speed (scale at bottom, south of the Atlantic); where a hotspot lies under two plates, as Iceland does, both are drawn. The star is the Euler pole of the Pacific plate relative to the hotspots, fitted to the fifteen Pacific tracks by Method 15.5: the Pacific arrows turn about it. Plate boundaries: PB2002 (red: ridges; dark red: transforms; blue: subduction zones; grey: collision zones).

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