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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Hydrothermal circulation; black smoker？

又称： hydrothermal circulation · black smoker

Definition 14.9 High School Earth and Space Sciences · 第 14 章 — Ocean Ridges and the Oceanic Lithosphere

Hydrothermal circulation is the flow of sea water down through the cracks of the hot oceanic crust, where it is heated by the magma below and reacts with the rock, and back up to the sea floor, where it comes out at hydrothermal vents. A black smoker is a vent from which very hot water carrying dissolved metals pours out; as it meets the cold sea water, iron sulfides and other minerals precipitate as a black cloud, and build a chimney around the vent.

Left: hydrothermal circulation at a ridge axis (a drawing, not to scale). Right: a black smoker on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, its chimney covered with red-gilled tubeworms; photograph University of Washington and NOAA (public domain).

Left: hydrothermal circulation at a ridge axis (a drawing, not to scale). Right: a black smoker on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, its chimney covered with red-gilled tubeworms; photograph University of Washington and NOAA (public domain).

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