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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Large igneous province？

Definition 15.8 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 15 章 — Hotspots and Intraplate Volcanism

A large igneous province (LIP) is an accumulation of igneous rock, mostly basalt, that is not made by ordinary spreading at a ridge, covers more than $10^{5}\,\mathrm{km}^{2}$ , holds more than $10^{5}\,\mathrm{km}^{3}$ , and was emplaced within at most about 50 million years, most of it in pulses of 1 to 5 million years that carry more than three quarters of its volume. On land LIPs are mostly flood basalts; in the oceans, oceanic plateaus.

The Western Ghats near Matheran, India: flat-topped hills cut into a pile of nearly horizontal lava flows of the Deccan Traps, whose resistant layers make the steps of the slopes. Photograph: Nicholas (Nichalp), CC BY-SA 2.5 (Wikimedia Commons).

province	age (Ma)	area ( $\mathrm{Mkm}^{2}$ )	first volume ( $\mathrm{Mkm}^{3}$ )
Columbia River	16	0.2	0.2
Ethiopia–Yemen	30	0.7	1.2
North Atlantic	61 and 56	1.2	more than 2
Deccan	65.5	0.5 (once 1.8)	2 to 4
Ontong Java	122 and 90	2	44 (whole crust)
Paraná–Etendeka	133	1.5 (once over 2)	more than 2.3
Karoo–Ferrar	183	3.1	more than 2.5
Central Atlantic (CAMP)	201	once up to 7	more than 2
Siberian Traps	250	0.4 (once over 4)	more than 3
Emeishan	259	0.5 (once 2 to 5)	more than 1

Mean ages; areas as they are today, and as first erupted where an estimate exists; volumes of lava as first erupted, except for the Ontong Java Plateau, whose figure counts its whole thickened crust. Data: V. Courtillot and P. Renne (2003).

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