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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Mantle plume？

Definition 15.2 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 15 章 — Hotspots and Intraplate Volcanism

A mantle plume is a column of hot, buoyant mantle rock that rises from a thermal boundary layer deep in the mantle. A new plume has a large, bulbous head on a long, narrow tail, or conduit; once the head has spread beneath the lithosphere, the tail goes on feeding melt to the surface for tens of millions of years.

The plume model of a hotspot (schematic, not to scale). (a) A new plume: its head flattens beneath the lithosphere and melts as it decompresses, and a flood basalt, a large igneous province, is erupted in a few million years or less. (b) Tens of millions of years later the plate has carried the province away; the narrow tail still feeds an active volcano, and the volcanoes it built before are extinct, older with distance, and lower, for they sink with the cooling plate.
The plume model of a hotspot (schematic, not to scale). (a) A new plume: its head flattens beneath the lithosphere and melts as it decompresses, and a flood basalt, a large igneous province, is erupted in a few million years or less. (b) Tens of millions of years later the plate has carried the province away; the narrow tail still feeds an active volcano, and the volcanoes it built before are extinct, older with distance, and lower, for they sink with the cooling plate.
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