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1 Primary & Middle School Mathematics1–9 年级在线 2 High School Mathematics10–12 年级在线 3 University Mathematics — Year 1本科一年级在线 4 University Mathematics — Year 2本科二年级在线 5 University Mathematics — Year 3本科三年级在线

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1 Markets I: The Ecosystem and Exchange-Traded Markets市场在线 2 Markets II: Rates, FX and Credit市场在线 3 Markets III: Commodities, Energy and Crypto市场在线 4 Quantitative Methods方法在线 5 Derivatives and Volatility衍生品在线 6 Rates, Credit, XVA and Risk利率、信用与风险在线 7 Research Craft: Predictors, Backtests, Measurement, Portfolios研究在线 8 Strategies I: Equities and Futures策略在线 9 Strategies II: Volatility, Relative Value, Macro and the Bank Desks策略在线 10 Microstructure and Execution交易执行在线 11 Market Making and High-Frequency Trading做市在线 12 Machine Learning for Markets机器学习在线 13 Low-Latency Software技术在线 14 Networks, Hardware and Trading Infrastructure技术在线 15 Research, Data and Risk Platforms技术在线 16 The Desk and the Firm公司运营在线 17 The Industry: Firms, Roles and Careers职业发展在线 18 Interviews I: Maths, Probability and Speed职业发展在线 19 Interviews II: Markets, Trading Games and the Final Round职业发展在线 20 Interviews III: Code职业发展在线

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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Mass balance; accumulation and ablation zones; equilibrium line？

又称： glacier mass balance · surface mass balance · accumulation zone · ablation zone · equilibrium-line altitude

Definition 24.7 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 3 · 第 24 章 — Glaciology

The glacier mass balance is the change of the mass of a glacier over a year, usually given in metres of water equivalent averaged over its area. The surface mass balance is its part due to the processes at the surface, snowfall minus melting, runoff and sublimation; the rest is lost by calving and by melting at the base or under floating ice. The accumulation zone is the part of the surface where the surface mass balance over a year is positive, the ablation zone the part where it is negative, and the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) the elevation of the line between them, where it is zero.

A schematic long section of a valley glacier in balance. Above the equilibrium line the snow of each year is buried and carried down into the glacier; below it the surface loses ice each year and is renewed by ice rising from depth. The flow lines (grey) dip in the accumulation zone and rise in the ablation zone; the flow carries the surplus of the one to the deficit of the other.

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