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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Net radiation; radiative surplus and deficit？

又称： net radiation · radiative surplus · radiative deficit

Definition 27.6 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 27 章 — Radiation and Heat Transport

The net radiation at the top of the atmosphere is

R = \underbrace{(1 - \alpha)\,\bar Q}_{\text{absorbed solar}} - \text{OLR},

where $\alpha$ is the local albedo, the fraction of the incoming sunlight reflected to space; all three quantities are annual means at one latitude. A latitude where $R > 0$ has a radiative surplus; one where $R < 0$ has a radiative deficit.

Zonal and annual mean absorbed solar radiation (orange) and outgoing longwave radiation (red) at the top of the atmosphere, from the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1, means 1991–2020 (data provided by the NOAA PSL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at https://psl.noaa.gov). Shaded: the radiative surplus of the low latitudes and the deficits of the high latitudes.

示例

Example 27.7 (The reanalysis’s global budget)

Averaged over the globe, the reanalysis receives $341.9\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ , reflects $117.0\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ (an albedo of $0.342$ ), absorbs $224.8\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ and emits $237.7\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ : a net radiation of $-12.9\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ . The OLR is within $1.3\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ of the assessed $239\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ , but the reflection is $17\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ larger than the assessed $100\,\mathrm{W}\,\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ . A real imbalance of this size would cool the Earth by $6.6\,\mathrm{PW}$ ; it is an error of the model, not a property of the Earth, and the transport below is computed after removing the global mean.

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