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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Slickenside, slickenlines, fault rocks？

又称： slickenlines · slickenside · fault rock · fault breccia · cataclasite · fault gouge · mylonite

Definition 17.5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 17 章 — Faults, Folds and Fabrics

Slickenlines are scratches or fibres on a fault surface, parallel to the slip; a slickenside is a fault surface that carries them, often smoothed by the slip. A fault rock is a rock made by the movement on a fault. A fault breccia is made of angular fragments of the walls of the fault, rotated and moved out of place, from huge blocks down to about $2\,\mathrm{mm}$ ; a cataclasite is made of fragments of sand size or smaller; neither has a fabric, the fragments lying at random. A fault gouge is a fault rock rich in clay, very soft in outcrop. A mylonite is a fine-grained, strongly foliated rock made in a shear zone by ductile shearing, the grains shrunk by recrystallisation rather than by milling.

Left: a slickenside on a fault surface in chert, about 3\, m × 3\, m of a surface 10\, m high, Corona Heights, San Francisco; the polished face is striated along the slip. Photograph: Dextersinister, CC BY-SA 4.0. Right: fault breccia of the Keystone Thrust, Red Rock Canyon, Nevada: angular fragments of grey carbonate rock in a paler matrix; the lens cap at the top right is 5.8\, cm across. Photograph: Jstuby, public domain. Both from Wikimedia Commons. — Left: a slickenside on a fault surface in chert, about $3\,\mathrm{m} \times 3\,\mathrm{m}$ of a surface $10\,\mathrm{m}$ high, Corona Heights, San Francisco; the polished face is striated along the slip. Photograph: Dextersinister, CC BY-SA 4.0. Right: fault breccia of the Keystone Thrust, Red Rock Canyon, Nevada: angular fragments of grey carbonate rock in a paler matrix; the lens cap at the top right is $5.8\,\mathrm{cm}$ across. Photograph: Jstuby, public domain. Both from Wikimedia Commons.

Left: a slickenside on a fault surface in chert, about 3\, m × 3\, m of a surface 10\, m high, Corona Heights, San Francisco; the polished face is striated along the slip. Photograph: Dextersinister, CC BY-SA 4.0. Right: fault breccia of the Keystone Thrust, Red Rock Canyon, Nevada: angular fragments of grey carbonate rock in a paler matrix; the lens cap at the top right is 5.8\, cm across. Photograph: Jstuby, public domain. Both from Wikimedia Commons. — Left: a slickenside on a fault surface in chert, about $3\,\mathrm{m} \times 3\,\mathrm{m}$ of a surface $10\,\mathrm{m}$ high, Corona Heights, San Francisco; the polished face is striated along the slip. Photograph: Dextersinister, CC BY-SA 4.0. Right: fault breccia of the Keystone Thrust, Red Rock Canyon, Nevada: angular fragments of grey carbonate rock in a paler matrix; the lens cap at the top right is $5.8\,\mathrm{cm}$ across. Photograph: Jstuby, public domain. Both from Wikimedia Commons.

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