Physics · Glossary

What is Attenuation?

Definition 20.20 High School Physics · Chapter 20 — Mechanical Waves

The decrease of a wave’s amplitude as it propagates is its attenuation. Two causes add up: the energy of a circular wavefront is shared over an ever-longer crest, and the medium absorbs a little in passing. Straight wavefronts escape the first cause — how a distant storm’s swell can cross an ocean.

Circular wavefronts, one wavelength apart, fade as energy spreads over longer crests; straight fronts (right) fade slowly.
Circular wavefronts, one wavelength apart, fade as energy spreads over longer crests; straight fronts (right) fade slowly.
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