A simple process is with and each bounded and -measurable. Its Itô integral is . For an adapted with , the Itô integral is the limit of the integrals of simple processes with .
Examples
Example 3.3 (The integral of against itself)
On a partition of , . The first sum telescopes to and the second tends to by Theorem 2.12:
The right-point sums tend to , and the midpoint sums to , the ordinary calculus answer (Figure 3.1).