CoachThe mRNA is read in consecutive groups of three nucleotides, the codons, from a defined starting point. The genetic code is the correspondence between the 64 possible codons and the 20 amino acids: 61 codons specify an amino acid, three (UAA, UAG, UGA) are stop signals ending the chain, and AUG, which specifies methionine, also serves as the start codon. The code is degenerate — most amino acids have several codons — and universal: the same table serves every known organism, with rare minor variants.
| second letter | |||||
| first | U | C | A | G | third |
| U | UUU Phe | UCU Ser | UAU Tyr | UGU Cys | U |
| UUC Phe | UCC Ser | UAC Tyr | UGC Cys | C | |
| UUA Leu | UCA Ser | UAA stop | UGA stop | A | |
| UUG Leu | UCG Ser | UAG stop | UGG Trp | G | |
| C | CUU Leu | CCU Pro | CAU His | CGU Arg | U |
| CUC Leu | CCC Pro | CAC His | CGC Arg | C | |
| CUA Leu | CCA Pro | CAA Gln | CGA Arg | A | |
| CUG Leu | CCG Pro | CAG Gln | CGG Arg | G | |
| A | AUU Ile | ACU Thr | AAU Asn | AGU Ser | U |
| AUC Ile | ACC Thr | AAC Asn | AGC Ser | C | |
| AUA Ile | ACA Thr | AAA Lys | AGA Arg | A | |
| AUG Met | ACG Thr | AAG Lys | AGG Arg | G | |
| G | GUU Val | GCU Ala | GAU Asp | GGU Gly | U |
| GUC Val | GCC Ala | GAC Asp | GGC Gly | C | |
| GUA Val | GCA Ala | GAA Glu | GGA Gly | A | |
| GUG Val | GCG Ala | GAG Glu | GGG Gly | G | |