All books

Professional

Apps About Coach Log in Start reading

Chemistry · Glossary

What is Steady-state approximation?

Definition 9.11 University Chemistry — Year 1 · Chapter 9 — Reaction Mechanisms: Elementary Steps and Approximations

In the steady-state approximation (or quasi-steady state), the concentration of a very reactive intermediate, consumed much faster than it is formed, is taken as constant and small after a short induction period: its rate of formation equals its rate of consumption,  ⁣d[I]/ ⁣dt≈0\dd[\mathrm{I}]/\dd t \approx 0.

Consecutive reactions A B C. Left: the intermediate accumulates and peaks at k_1t = 1.39. Right: when it is consumed twenty times faster than it forms, it stays small and follows the steady-state value k_1[ A]/k_2 (dashed) after a brief induction.
Consecutive reactions A→B→C\mathrm{A} \to \mathrm{B} \to \mathrm{C}. Left: the intermediate accumulates and peaks at k1t=1.39k_1t = 1.39. Right: when it is consumed twenty times faster than it forms, it stays small and follows the steady-state value k1[A]/k2k_1[\mathrm{A}]/k_2 (dashed) after a brief induction.
Read in context →