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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Continental rift, graben, half-graben?

又称: continental rift · graben · half-graben

Definition 13.1 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 13 章 — Rifts, Ridges and Passive Margins

A continental rift is a long, narrow zone where a continent is being stretched: a depression bounded by normal faults, with earthquakes and, often, volcanoes. A graben is a block dropped between two normal faults that dip towards each other. A half-graben is a block dropped and tilted against a single major normal fault, the border fault, on one side only.

An open fissure in the lava floor of the Þingvellir rift valley, in south-west Iceland, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge comes ashore. The basalt flows of the valley floor are cut by open fissures parallel to the rift. Photograph: Olga Ernst, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons).
An open fissure in the lava floor of the Þingvellir rift valley, in south-west Iceland, where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge comes ashore. The basalt flows of the valley floor are cut by open fissures parallel to the rift. Photograph: Olga Ernst, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons).
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