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Earth and Space Sciences · 术语表

什么是 Strike, dip and dip direction？

又称： strike · dip · dip direction · attitude (of a plane)

Definition 4.5 University Earth and Space Sciences — Year 1 · 第 4 章 — Geological Maps

Let a geological surface — a bedding plane, a contact, a fault — be locally a plane. Its strike is the direction of the horizontal lines it contains, given as an azimuth (degrees clockwise from north). Its dip $\delta$ is the angle between the plane and the horizontal, measured in the vertical plane perpendicular to the strike, $0 \le \delta \le 90{}^{\circ}$ . Its dip direction $\alpha$ is the azimuth of the steepest downward line of the plane. Together they form the plane’s attitude, written dip direction/dip, for instance $080/12$ .

A plane striking north and dipping 30 to the east (attitude 090/30), cutting a horizontal plane along its strike line. Not to scale. — A plane striking north and dipping $30{}^{\circ}$ to the east (attitude $090/30$ ), cutting a horizontal plane along its strike line. Not to scale.

A plane striking north and dipping 30 to the east (attitude 090/30), cutting a horizontal plane along its strike line. Not to scale. — A plane striking north and dipping $30{}^{\circ}$ to the east (attitude $090/30$ ), cutting a horizontal plane along its strike line. Not to scale.

示例

Example 4.10 (The east limb of the Varden anticline)

Three boreholes, E1 at $(4000, 6000)$ , E2 at $(4600, 7200)$ and E3 at $(5100, 6400)$ (metres east and north of the map’s south-west corner), meet the base of the limestone at elevations $174$ , $4$ and $-74\,\mathrm{m}$ . Then $\overrightarrow{P_1P_2} = (600, 1200, -170)$ , $\overrightarrow{P_1P_3} = (1100, 400, -248)$ ; their cross product is $(-229\,600, -38\,200, -1\,080\,000)$ , which points downward, so

\vec n = (229\,600,\ 38\,200,\ 1\,080\,000).

Hence $\cos\delta = 1\,080\,000/\|\vec n\| \approx 0.9776$ , $\delta \approx 12.2{}^{\circ}$ , and the dip direction is the azimuth of $(229\,600, 38\,200)$ , $\alpha \approx 80.6{}^{\circ}$ : the attitude is $081/12$ , strike $351{}^{\circ}$ by the right-hand rule. The base of the limestone dips gently east-north-east.

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